Intraosseous infusion needle

Intraosseous (IO) infusion is a technique used in emergency and critical care settings to rapidly deliver fluids, medications, or blood products directly into the bone marrow when intravenous (IV) access is difficult or delayed.

The medullary cavity of bones acts as a non-collapsible venous system, allowing for fast absorption into the central circulation.

IO access is typically used in life-threatening situations when IV access is not readily available, such as:

• Cardiac arrest: when rapid drug administration (e.g., epinephrine) is needed.
• Severe shock/hypovolemia: in cases of massive blood loss, sepsis, or dehydration.
• Trauma patients: when veins are collapsed due to haemorrhage or burns.
• Paediatric emergencies: small or difficult-to-access veins make IV insertion challenging.
• Rescue and prehospital care: used by paramedics in the field for critically ill patients.

Surgical technique: 

• Identify the insertion site. The preferred site for intraosseous infusion in children under 6 years of age is the anteromedial surface of the proximal tibia, just below the tibial tuberosity. Other suitable sites include the distal tibia (1–2 cm above the medial malleolus in older children and adults), the distal femur, and the proximal humerus.
• Disinfect the skin and apply local anaesthesia if time permits.
• Stabilize the limb and insert the INTRAOX™ needle.
• Advance the needle with controlled pressure and rotation until a sudden loss of resistance is felt, indicating entry into the medullary cavity.
• Remove the stylet.
• Attach an appropriate syringe to the Luer-lock cone and begin administration of fluids as required.